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Mexican
Revolutionaries |
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Click on any
photo for enlargement.
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PANCHO VILLA
1878 - 1923
Unused Postcard
Francisco Villa
D.W.Hoffman, photographer
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Born June 5, 1878 in Grande, Durango. Became a fugitive when he killed
an hacendado for attacking his sister. Joined the Madero revolution in
1910. Returned to civilian life and operated a butcher shop after
Madero's revolt was successful. When Orozco rebelled against Madero,
Villa returned to the field of battle. In 1916, he raided Columbus, New
Mexico. Villa continued to fight until 1920 when he surrendered his
troops to Adolfo de la Huerta. Retired to Hacienda Canutillo until 1923.
He was ambushed and killed on July 23, 1923 in Parral.
Villa - the Great Rebel Leader of Mexico.
unknown, photographer
Stereoviews were an important part of the
photographic history of the Mexican Revolution.
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FRANCISCO I. MADERO
1873 - 1913
Unused Postcard
Presidente De Mexico
F. I. Madero
unknown, photographer
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Can anyone tell me when,
and for what
purpose
this pinback was issued?
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Born in Parras, Coahuila on October 30, 1873. Son of a wealthy
landowner. Family was devoted to ranching, farming and commerce. Studied
commerce and economics in France and agriculture in the U.S. Saw the
need to improve conditions in Mexico. Ran for president of Mexico
against Diaz. Was arrested and then released, on bail, after Diaz had
been declared President. Jumped bail and fled to the U.S. In 1910, he
led a revolt against the Diaz administration. Was successful in forcing
Diaz into exile in 1911. Elected president in 1911. Many groups became
disenchanted with Madero's handling of Mexico's problems and in 1913,
revolted against him. Madero was overthrown and killed.
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Advertising Postcard
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Translation of text on postcard:
GUERRA PHOTOGRAPHY
Large Photography and Photoengraving Studio
This is the only business in the state that relies on the most modern
equipment to produce all jobs in photography and photoengraving. It has
many competent photographers and photoengravers. It can, with
guarantee, offer to publish the best works as soon as possible.
This is the only business that makes enlargements of the famous ones by
a special system and the business tries to be always at the height of
modern procedures.
In short, Guerra Photography is the one that does the best work and to
be convinced, one does not have but to visit the business located at 514
63rd Street in front of the Central Police Station.
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VICTORIANO HUERTA
1854 - 1916
Unused Postcard
Gen. Victoriano Huerta
On reverse:
Gen. Victoriano Huerta,
President protem of the Mexican Republic.
Casa Miret, photographer
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Born March 23, 1854 in Colotlan, Jalisco. Educated in a rural school
and attended Colegio Militar de Chapaltepec. Huerta's career advanced
during the Diaz presidency. Huerta was allowed to remain in the army
when Madero became president. Was named head of the federal forces when
Orozco and others rebelled against Madero. In February 1913, Huerta
overthrew Madero and assumed control of the government. Although not a
candidate, Huerta was elected president in October of 1913 and
immediately began having problems with the economy and Constitutionalist
opposition. Resigned on July 15, 1914 and went into exile in Europe. In
June 1915, Huerta tried to return to Mexico through the U.S. Was
arrested with Pascual Orozco and detained at Ft. Bliss. Huerta became
ill and died January 14, 1916.
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VENUSTIANO CARRANZA
1859 - 1920
Unused Postcard
Gral. Venustiano Carranza
1st Jefe
Constitucionalista
unknown, photographer
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Can anyone tell me when,
and for what
purpose
this pinback was issued?
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Born in 1859 as one of fifteen children of a wealthy landowner. Well
educated. Entered politics as a municipal president. Later served as a
state legislator, federal deputy and state governor under Diaz. Joined
with Madero in 1909 to plan an armed rebellion against Diaz. Minister
of war in Madero's provisional government and later interim governor
of Coahuila. Elected governor in December 1911. Assumed leadership of
the rebellion against Huerta. Named First Chief of the
Constitutionalists. Elected president in 1917. Tried to install a
candidate favorable to him in the 1920 presidential election. Obregon,
who was a candidate for president, rebelled. Carranza tried to flee to
Vera Cruz. On May 20. 1920, he was killed as he slept in a small wooden
hut in San Antonio Tlaxcalantongo.
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PASCUAL OROZCO, JR.
1882 - 1915
Unused Postcard
Pascual Orozco
unknown, photographer
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Born January 28, 1882 near Guerrero, Chihuahua. Attended a rural
school, then worked in his father's store. At the age of 20, was a
muleteer guarding ore shipments from the mines to the smelters. Became
a successful merchant. Joined the revolutionary movement in October
1910. After Diaz resigned, was named commander of the rurales in
Chihuahua. Rebelled against Madero in March 1912. After Madero's death,
allied his forces with Huerta. When Huerta fled to Europe, Orozco
rebelled against the Constitutionalists, but soon realized the futility
of his actions. Fled to the U.S. where he plotted rebellion in exile.
Orozco was arrested with Huerta and charged with violating U.S.
neutrality laws. Released on bond and placed under house arrest.
Orozco escaped and was killed while fleeing a posse.
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EMILIANO ZAPATA
1879 - 1919
Unused Postcard
Gral. Emiliano Zapata
unknown, photographer
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Born August 8, 1879, in Anenecuilco, Morelos. Was a mediero
(sharecropper) and horse trainer. Conscripted into the army for seven
years attaining the rank of sergeant. As president of the village
council, he campaigned for the restoration of village lands confiscated
by hacendados. His slogan was "Tierra Y Libertad." Zapata sided with
Madero. Between 1910 and 1919, Zapata continued his fight for land and
liberty, rebelling against anyone who interfered with his Plan of Ayala
which called for the seizure of all foreign owned land, all land taken
from villages, confiscation of one-third of all land held by "friendly"
hacendados and full confiscation of land owned by persons opposed to
the Plan of Ayala. On April 10, 1919, Zapata was tricked into a meeting
with one of Carranza's generals who wanted to "switch sides." The
meeting was a trap, and Zapata was killed as he arrived at the
meeting.
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MEXICAN REVOLUTIONARIES
JUAN SARABIA RICARDO FLORES MAGON
LIBRADO RIVERA ANTONIO I. VILLEREAL
Click on either photograph for
enlargement.
Unused Postcard
The Worker, photographer
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Translation by Daumants Belte,
EMail:dbelte@truelink.net
The language is Latvian or maybe Lithuanian(1).
My ethnic background is Latvian, which is the language this card
seems to be written in. Not to make things too easy though, it uses
an antiquated German-style spelling and font format, where appearance
of the letters is not only "unusual", but also changes depending on
placement within the word. I am not really too familiar with that
style, but hey, I saw a couple of old books printed that way when I
was a kid. Anyway, here's what I think I can make out of it, converted
to "modern" Latvian spelling (but without the umlaut, etcetera
symbols.)
Meksikas Revloucionari
Notiesati 16 Maija (pedejie tris) uz
18 menesiem cietuma, Tombstona, Arizona; Pirmais paturets gadu
cietuma bez tiesas izlaists pret salogu(2). Vinus visus vaja par
"neitralitates parskirsanu(3)". |
Translation of text on postcard:
Mexican Revolutionaries
Sentenced on 16 May (the last three) to
18 months in prison, Tombstone, Arizona; the first was kept in prison
for a year without trial, released by agreement(2). They were all
prosecuted for "neutrality border violations(3)". |
Stradnieks
Politisks, sabiedrisks, un literatisks laikraksts. (?)
otrdienas un piektdienas. Adrese: ...... |
Translation of text on postcard:
The Worker
A political, trade union, and literary newspaper.
(?) tuesdays and fridays. Address: ...... |
Now the real mystery is WHY that type of postcard was ever printed
in Latvian.
(1) Considering the "odd" spelling used throughout (from a modern
Latvian perspective), it's possible the language on the card
may actually be Lithuanian. The two have enough in common,
where much of a conversation could be "understood" by either
group, but details differ sufficiently that proper grammar,
spelling, and some words are quite distinct. Tough to tell
from a brief sample like the text on the card.
(2) The obstinate "salogu". As in high-school Latin, where I was
always confused whenever Caesar was fighting "with" someone
(a thing he did a lot of), did it actually imply "with" or
"against" them which seemed to depend on the specific battle...
also sort of like the Mexican Revolution. That phrase would
then translate out to either "against agreement" or maybe
"by agreement".
(3) Written Latvian uses "v" and "-" symbols above some letters, and
a "," symbol below others, to note different pronunciations (e.g.
"ch" & "sh" for "c" & "s", etcetera.) In the old German-style text
on the card, these symbols have been replaced with alternate letter
styles, and additional follow-on letter-combinations for the same
purpose, neither of which are found in modern usage. The worst such
example is the very last word on the card front; "parskirsanu", has
four of its letters, a, k, and s (twice) requiring the "-", "v",
and "," symbols in modern Latvian, all in close proximity, making
the old-style annotation, which uses added letters, quite
spectacular. It means "dividing" or "crossing", as in border.
That phrase likely means "neutrality border violations".
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I came across your comments on postcard printed in
Latvian by Stradnieks (The Worker) newspaper. First of all, you are right -
this postcard is printed in Latvian (not Lithuanian) using old German style
font format. Actually this is not a mystery why that type of postcard was
printed in Latvian. Stradnieks (The Worker) was a newspaper published since
1906 by Latvian social democrats. Initially newspaper was published in Boston,
later (as indicated on this postcard) in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts. There
were many advertisements in Stradnieks informing about demonstrations in support
of Mexican revolutionaries, and seems that this post card is one of propaganda
materials printed by Stradnieks. Word "salogu" means - security deposit or
caution money, i.e. this person was released from prison in exchange for some
amount of money. Word "salog" comes from Russian and was used in Latvia in
19th Century and in very beginning of 20th Century. Today we call this
"drosibas nauda". You made minor mistake in last word. In fact this word is
"parkapsanu", but you understand right meaning of this - violation or breach.
Unfortunately I do not recognise word on the opposite side of post card where
you put a question mark. This is impossible to read this in Internet picture.
Thank you for interesting site. It was a real surprise for me to find out new
information and new evidence about activities of Latvian social democrats in
USA in beginning of 20th Century.
Girts Vitolins EMail:Girts.Vitolins@kpmg.lv...Thursday, May 17, 2001 10:41
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